Economic Impact of Fragmented Care: Tackling Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease in Europe

Europe loses approximately €240 billion every year because of the interconnected burdens of obesity diabetes cardiovascular disease (EFPIA Guest Blog). Fragmented healthcare systems that treat late-stage complications instead of preventing disease progression are largely responsible for this massive economic drain. By the time many EU citizens receive a CVD diagnosis, roughly a decade of preventable disease progression has already been lost.

The Domino Effect Driving Europe’s Health Crisis

Individuals living with obesity face a seven-fold increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, while those with diabetes experience a two- to three-fold higher risk of heart attack and stroke. Two in three obesity-related deaths are caused by cardiovascular disease. This clear mechanistic progression from obesity diabetes cardiovascular disease demonstrates why siloed, organ-specific care fails patients and healthcare systems alike.

Real-world programmes across Europe show the powerful impact of coordinated screening. The UK’s NHS Health Check, which assesses metabolic risk factors including BMI, blood pressure and glucose levels, delivers €3.43 in return for every €1 invested and has been linked to a 23% reduction in cardiovascular mortality, with potential savings of up to €70 billion. Ireland’s Chronic Disease Management Programme reduced emergency department visits by 30% in its early years, while Greece’s Prolamvano initiative has already delivered free cardiometabolic checks to over 1.8 million adults.

A New Policy Framework for Long-Term Resilience

The proposed EU Safe Hearts Plan offers a unified approach that integrates early detection and intervention for obesity diabetes cardiovascular disease within primary care. By recognising obesity as a chronic disease, embedding structured weight management into diabetes care, and positioning primary care as the coordination hub, this plan shifts Europe from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.

Strategic Implications for Health Economics and Market Access

For HEOR professionals and manufacturers of cardiometabolic therapies, these findings strengthen the case for valuing upstream prevention. The demonstrated threefold return on investment and the €240 billion annual “leak” provide compelling evidence for payers to reward integrated care pathways. Therapies positioned within such holistic models can demonstrate broader societal benefits, including extended healthy working years and reduced downstream complications, supporting more sustainable reimbursement and long-term health-system resilience.