Chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are leading drivers of morbidity, mortality, and health system costs in the United States. A lesser-known but critical contributor to this burden is non-optimized medication use—which results in over $528 billion in avoidable healthcare costs annually due to preventable hospitalizations, emergency visits, and complications.

Patients with chronic diseases often take multiple medications, increasing the risk of adverse drug events, treatment failure, and poor adherence. The result: avoidable costs and compromised patient outcomes. However, real-world studies have consistently shown that comprehensive medication management reduces avoidable hospitalizations and healthcare utilization.

Comprehensive Medication Management

Comprehensive medication management (CMM) is a proven, scalable solution to this challenge. Delivered by clinical pharmacists in collaboration with the broader care team, CMM ensures that medications are:

• Appropriate for the patient’s conditions,
• Effective in achieving therapeutic goals,
• Safe given comorbidities and drug interactions, and
• Aligned with the patient’s ability and willingness to take them as intended.

This structured approach reduces clinical risk and improves care coordination—particularly in complex, high-cost populations.

Better Outcomes, Lower Costs, Stronger Systems

Across diverse healthcare settings, CMM has demonstrated compelling return on investment (ROI) and improved outcomes for patients with chronic diseases:

• A study in Minnesota’s Fairview Health System showed a 12:1 ROI, saving $3,768 per patient per year, primarily through reduced hospital and emergency department utilization.
• In the Pharm2Pharm program, CMM reduced medication-related readmissions by 36.5% in older adults—resulting in $6.6 million in avoided costs.
• In Medicaid populations with high rates of diabetes and hypertension, a CMM transitions-of-care program led to $2,139 in savings per patient, with system-level projections of $25.6 million in savings over two years.
• In a South Carolina-based medical home model, embedding a clinical pharmacist to deliver CMM led to $1.9 million in annual cost avoidance, while improving care quality for patients with diabetes, CKD, and cardiovascular disease.

Integrate and Incentivize CMM

Given its demonstrated benefits, policymakers and health system leaders should take action to integrate comprehensive medication management into chronic disease programs and value-based care strategies. Key opportunities include:

1. Incentivizing CMM in value-based payment models, especially in Medicaid and Medicare Advantage populations.
2. Embedding CMM in transitions of care and primary care transformation programs, where medication mismanagement is most likely to result in readmissions.
3. Expanding pharmacist scope and reimbursement for delivering CMM services in medically complex populations.
4. Investing in data infrastructure and interoperability, enabling real-time identification of medication risks and documentation of CMM interventions.

A Strategic Lever for Chronic Disease Management

Chronic diseases continue to increase healthcare spending. Poor medication use is a major contributor to this growing burden. Comprehensive medication management offers a clear, effective solution. It improves outcomes, reduces costs, and supports coordinated care across complex patient populations.

For policymakers, CMM is a high-value investment with proven returns. It targets the root causes of poor medication-related outcomes.

For health systems, CMM enables better care delivery and long-term sustainability under value-based models.

The evidence is strong. The need is urgent. Now is the time to make CMM a core healthcare strategy.