Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health. A recent article from the World Health Organization’s Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) enlighten the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the important role of healthcare workers in northwest Syria. It highlights the urgent call from Syrian health professionals for action ahead of World Antimicrobial Awareness Week. Understanding the intricacies of antibiotic usage, the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the burden of AMR, is essential in this challenging context.

Balancing the Benefits and Risks of Antibiotic Use in Conflict Zones

Antibiotics are vital for treating bacterial infections and they are crucial in emergency care, especially in conflict-affected areas like northwest Syria. However, their misuse and overuse, such as purchasing without prescriptions or not completing treatment courses, accelerate AMR. The lack of diagnostic tools in these regions often leads healthcare workers to rely on broad-spectrum antibiotics, further increasing the risk of AMR.

Understanding Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria evolve to resist the effects of antibiotics. This resistance complicates treatments and endangers lives. Dr Mohammad Wahid Rajab Bek, Head of the Syrian Association of Infectious Diseases, highlights the misuse of antibiotics as a leading cause. “Antibiotics are lifesaving when used properly, but misuse has become widespread,” he warns. Many people self-prescribe antibiotics for common colds and fevers, exacerbating the problem.

The Economic and Health Impacts

The financial burden of AMR is substantial. Dr Bek notes a troubling rise in antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections. “Infections once easily treatable now require stronger, more expensive drugs,” he explains. Treatment costs can soar from US$ 15–US$ 20 to US$ 500–US$ 1000, overwhelming health systems and patients alike. Beyond financial strain, resistant infections lead to prolonged illnesses and weakened immune systems. “Even minor infections can escalate into severe complications or death if unresponsive to antibiotics,” Dr Bek warns.

Strategies to Combat AMR

To address AMR, hospitals have implemented strict antibiotic controls. “Awareness is key,” stresses Dr Bek. Antibiotics are dispensed through a controlled system with specialist consultation. Preventive measures, such as administering specific antibiotics before surgeries, are also emphasised. Patients play a crucial role in this battle. Completing the prescribed course is essential, even if symptoms improve.

A Global Call to Action

World AMR Awareness Week (WAAW) is a global campaign to raise awareness about AMR and promote responsible antimicrobial use. This year, the World Health Organization (WHO), in partnership with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), and the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), has developed a campaign guide. This collaboration highlights the need for a united front against AMR and encourages all sectors to participate.

Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing global health issue that demands immediate attention. By educating ourselves and advocating for responsible antibiotic use, we can act now to safeguard future generations. Let us work together to combat antimicrobial resistance and ensure a healthier world for all.