Rifaximin Use Linked to Daptomycin Resistance: Implications for Antibiotic Stewardship

By João L. Carapinha

October 25, 2024

The article published in Nature, titled “Rifaximin Prophylaxis Causes Resistance to the Last-Resort Antibiotic Daptomycin,” reveals critical findings regarding the use of rifaximin and its impact on antibiotic resistance, particularly concerning the last-resort antibiotic daptomycin. This study suggests that the use of rifaximin, commonly administered to prevent hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver disease, may inadvertently contribute to the emergence of resistance against daptomycin.

Key Findings:

Rifaximin, a commonly prescribed antibiotic for liver disease, has been found to cause resistance to daptomycin. This is a critical finding as daptomycin is considered a last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (VRE), a dangerous superbug.

This is the first recorded instance of one antibiotic causing resistance to another in a different class. Previously, it was believed that antibiotic resistance was limited to the specific antibiotic being used.

Rifaximin was previously considered a “low risk” antibiotic in terms of resistance development. This study challenges that assumption and highlights the unexpected consequences of antibiotic use.

Specific mutations in the rpoB gene of VRE are responsible for this cross-resistance. These mutations are becoming increasingly prevalent globally, coinciding with the increased use of rifaximin.

Rifaximin exposure leads to the upregulation of the prdRAB operon in VRE. It results in cell membrane changes that reduce daptomycin binding and efficacy. This newly identified mechanism is independent of previously known daptomycin resistance mechanisms.

This research highlights the unintended consequences of using rifaximin prophylactically. Notably, its role in promoting resistance to critical antibiotics like daptomycin. Such findings carry significant implications for public health and antibiotic stewardship, highlighting the urgent need for careful management of antibiotic use to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance. The interplay between rifaximin and daptomycin resistance emphasizes the importance of ongoing monitoring and evaluation of antibiotic prescribing practices.

Reference url

Recent Posts

NICE Kidney Cancer Guideline: Enhancing Biopsy Use to Minimize Unnecessary Surgery

By João L. Carapinha

September 18, 2025

The NICE kidney cancer guideline represents a major shift in how renal cell carcinoma is diagnosed and managed in the UK. How does this guideline change the standard of kidney cancer care? By emphasizing more accurate diagnosis—especially the targeted use of kidney biopsies—it aims to avoid unnec...
CAPVAXIVE Pneumococcal Vaccine Delivers Strong Immune Response in At-Risk Youth

By HEOR Staff Writer

September 17, 2025

What makes the CAPVAXIVE pneumococcal vaccine significant for children and adolescents at higher risk for pneumococcal disease? The CAPVAXIVE pneumococcal vaccine (21-valent conjugate vaccine) demonstrated robust immune responses and broad serotype coverage in Merck’s Phase 3 STRIDE-13 trial. ...
Oral Semaglutide Benefits: EMA Approves First Oral GLP-1 RA with Cardiovascular Perks

By HEOR Staff Writer

September 16, 2025

Novo Nordisk’s oral semaglutide (Rybelsus®) has received a significant label update from the European Medicines Agency (EMA). It is now the first and only oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) approved in the EU for type 2 diabetes with proven cardiovascular benefits. This deci...